Means for operating motor-vehicles.



No. 842,827. PATBNTED JAN. 29, 1907.` G. J. COLEMAN.

MEANS FOR OPERATING MOTOR VEHICLES. APPLIGATIUN FILED rms.11.1so1.

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No. 842,827 PATENTED JAN. 29, 1907. 0. J. GOLEMAN.

MEANS FOR OPERATING MOTOR VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 11. 1901.

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PATENTED JAN. 29, 190'?.

O. J. COLEMAN. MEANS FOB. OPERATING MOTOR VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.11. 1901.

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CLYDE J. COLEMAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MEANS FOR OPERATING MOTOR-VEHICLES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 29, 1907.

Application filed February 11, 1901. Serial No. 46.790.

means embodying theinvention are particularly designed for use in connection with explosive or gas engines and are especially adapted for use, in automobiles, wherein the non-starting fea'tpre of explosive-engineshas introduced many diiiiculties in the means for controlling the engines. f

According to my invention auxiliary means are rovided for starting` the engine by the ap ication of power thereto and for utilizing t e owcr of the engine whenv the engine is seliactuated for the purpose of storing ener In the enibdiment of my invention here' inafter described an electric motor is fthe aux# iliary starting moana receivingj its' 'current from a storagebattery or :othe'silitable elec'- trical storage iiieans .or meansforstorin electricalenergy and yielding suoli' store electrical energy; and the inotor when selfactuated starts the engine and is an auxiliary motor and whenV actuated bythe engine at a predetermined speedwill -act as a dynamo and store up electrical energ'yin the storage means. Means are also provided whereby the speed of the motorfotrols connections which adapt itto -the change from a motor into a dynamo, sothat upon the attainment of the predetermined s leed this change'will be effected automatica y.a

My invention further consists in the pro-A vision of means Wherebya startin torque of maximum force may be Vemployelgl; and my invention further'consists in the rovision of means for controllin the speed o the engine, so that it will drive t e motor as a dynamo at a constant speed;

My invention further consists in certain novel features of construction and the cornbination of parts, all of which will now be particularly described in connection with the accompanying drawings, 'forming a part hereof.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a motor-ve hicle or automobile provided with means ernbodying my invention. Fig. 2 represents diagrammatically the electrical connections, engine, motor, starting-lever, and currentcontrolling switch combined and arranged in accordance with my invention. Fig. 3 illustrates dia ammatically a modification in the contro ling-switch and motor.

The motor-vehicle shown in Fig. 1 comprises a. body 26, having a seat 34, front steerin -wheels 31, and rear driving-,Wheels 32, am? a steering-lever 33 and a controllin lever 24, both of these levers being located 1n proximity 'to the seat and within easy reach.i

of the operator. The engine and motorare shown as suspended from the body 26.

The engine A3, which is shown in Figs.v 1 and 2, is an explosivengine of the reciprocating type and is provided with a iston 4 and connesting-rod 5 and crank an shaft 6, and,as shown, the crank-shaft of the engine is connected to the shaft 7 of the motor 8 by a belt 9 running over pulleys on both of these shafts. SuchI a connection would be desirable With'a comparatively slow spiced engine ofthe type shown' but with high-speed engines the motor and engine could ave a. common shaft. The crank-shaft of the engine is shown as connected by a chain and s rockets 22 23 with the rear or driving whee s of the' vehicle.

The motor has field-magnets 10, an armature 11, Vand commutator 12 the commutator rotating in contact Wit commutator-brushes 13 13. `The details of con.- struction of the motor are not particularly illustrated, except that the ield-windingsare indicated. The engine is shown as provided with a sparking device arranged to employ a jump-spark and connected by wires 15 15 to:

a secondary coil 16, arranged so as to be inductively acted upon by a primary coil 17, and in the circuit of the prima coil 17 is arra ed an electromagnetic ma e-and-break device 18, which may be of any suitable con-A struction.

The sup 1y of the motive or explosive medium or iipuid to the engine is o ened and closed by a'valve 20, havmg a sliding gate 19 and a stopper 14 on the same stem and actuated by a rod 21 from the controlling-lever 24. The point of connection of this valve with the controlling-lever is altered to a position above the pivotal point of the lever in the diagram Fig. 2 for convenience of illustration; but the construction of the valve proper is illustrated in section in this figure, and, as will be seen, the valve 20 is so con structed that the initial movement of the controlling-lever will o enit wide, and its wide-open condition will not be altered by further movement thereof. The regulation of the supply of motive fluid is effected automatically, and, as shown, this regulation is effected by a centrifugal governor 36, driven by a belt 37 from the shaft 6 of the engine and actuating a governing-valve 38 in the supply-pipe 39. By the action of this gov ernor a substantially constant s eed of the engine is. attained after the initia or starting movement, as is desirable when employing the motoras a dynamo to charge the storage battery, for a material increase in the speed of the motor above the normal would be destruetive to the Stora e batteries.

Switch-plates.a an b are larran ed so ,as to be connected by the controllngever when this` lever is moved over into position to open the supply-valve 19, and this lever, or the lower t thereoxnay be partly or wholly of con uctive material A suitable secondary or storagebatte 2,5r isl indicated and is connected up with te otherv devices in the manner to be. hereinafter Automatic means are providedfor controlling the connections ofA the `motor and other parts through a controllingfswitch havingn oscillating platec, these automatic means being shown ascenttugalgovernorballsz? 27. meunted-pnermsZSZS on the shaft .of the motokynamo and. actuating a sliding collar .29, which ,is e, ged by an arm 30 of `the wlltlouingzswit'i. This switch comprises the late c, of material` or having `insu ated connections tov brushes d and e and switchfbloeks h, firj, and lc, over and in contact with which such switchbrushes are severally arranged to. move.

In the construction in Fig. 2 the ield-magnets 10 10 of the motor are shown as., rovided With compound windings, inclu in shuntfcoils 41.41 and series coils 45 45, an the circuitfcontrolling means are arranged to. connect all of these windings for a motor eect when the motor is used as a motor and for producing a eld of great intensity, and thereby reducing the maximum power or tor ue or the engine-.starting operation, and t ese circuit controlling means are also arranged to reverse the connections of the series coils in accordance with the reverse current owing through the armature of the motor when the motor is used as a dynamo., whereby a dynamo with compound windings is produced havin@ what are known as series and longE l series coils. `rent 1n the series coils 1s much less under these conditions than when the motor 1s torque in starting the engine.

shunt held-coils. When these connections exist, the current generated in the armature Hows through the series coils and through the shunt-coils in series with each other, and the storage battery is connected across the terminals of the shunt-coils of the field and in parallel with those shunt-coils as respects the current generated in the armature, so that the battery is charged by a portion of the current from the armature which passes through the battery in lieu of passing through the shunt-coils of the ield. lt will b c noted that under these conditions the series field-coils are energized by current from the armature, but that the current thlou h them must flow also through two branci circuits in parallel with each other and in series with the series coils, one of which branch circuits is comprised in and contains the o posing resistance of the shunt-coils, and t e other of which branch circuits leads through the storage battery and encounters its electromotive force opposed to the low of current from the armature and through the Therefore the intensity of curstarted as a motor by the battery, and the fields of the motor-dynamo' are therefore energized with lesser intensity than when the motor is required to develop a large Also it will be noted that under these conditions the current flowing through the armature and the series coils and through the battery to charge the latter is proportionate only to the excess of the electromotive force of the armature over and above the counter or oposed elec-tromotive force of the storage attery, so that the current and the rate of charging the storage battery is much less than the current received from the storage battery and` the rate of discharge in such storage. battery when it is starting the motor as a motor and with the full electromotive force of the battery available for forcing current through such series coils and armature of the motor.

The various parts are shown in their normal position with the engine and motor at rest. To start the engine, the controllinglever 2,4 is moved to, the left, Figs, 1 and 2, and opens the supply-valve 19 and closes connection between the two switch-plates e and b and the conductive part of the controlling-lever from such plates to the pivot 35 of the lever. The current from the storage battery then llows through the wire 4() and shunt field-coils 41 41 of the motor through wire 42, switch-plate a, lever 24, and wire 43 back to, battery; also, from the battery through wires 54 50, switch-brush d, block h, wire 49, series field-coils 45 45, wire 47, switch-block brush e, wire 48, lower commutator-brush`13, coils of armature 11,

IIO

upper commutator-brush; 13, Wires 44 42,

switch-plate a, lever 24, and wire 43 back to battery. Thus the batte -curren't energizesin multiple the shunt reld-coils 41 and l the series eldcoils45 and a field of great intensity is produced for the purpose of startingthey engine and vehicle.

The `connections of the motor willvoon tinue, as above described, until the speed ofthe motor is sufficiently high to actuate the switch and by such actuation toI brin thesWitch-.brushes in contact with the-b ocks intermediate between those with which the switch-brushes are normally in contact,` and the governor is usually so constructed and adjusted that this connection will be attained when the normal speedofthe engine is attained, and theen 'ne and motor are so constructed that un erthese conditions the motor will lgenerate a currentot sufficiently high voltage for. chargin the storage battery. When.I such aspect? has been attained and the'A1 controlling-switch has:` been thus actuated, the armature becomes a generator and the currentv flowsffiom' this.` armature through. the lower: commutatore-brush 13, Wire 48, brush: e, block-1c, wiref 49;A series-field coils- 45, Wire 47, block i, brush d, wires'- 50154A to 1 andthreugh -the lbattery 25,.` recharging4` the same,` Wire 43,- leverf24, swritchU plate o, .wires-42. 44 tou r: conrrnutatorfl rushu13, and. back-to t Current also flows from thegarmature: through its circuit already traced u to the wire 54 and thersto-rage ,batteryean thence through a branch inclu-ding the-shunt field-coils and being in parallel 'withthe'fbranch already described which leadsf through the battery to rechargeit, thebranch'A through the shuntf as-follows through wire 40 field-coilfbei and `shunt fie deooils-41-4-1iand tothe Lwire 44, wher-enit rejoins-the'branch throughthe battery andcontinues on to -the `armature of thedy'narno=l The sparkin .device is alsooperated by the actuation oli it e controllinglever 24,V andwhen thevlever'is-moved to;

startingposition, as above described, the currentfor the sparking. device will flow freniy the battery 25, througlnth'e: wires- 54.53, primary coil .17 makeeand-breakdevice 18, and Wire-.55, to the switchsblock by and from the switchsblock b, through thezlever 24 and wire 43, backhtocbattery. This4 circuit wilt ber vmaintaineui lso long. as th'e starting-lever is in operating osition.V

Inthe modi 'ed construction shown in Fi 3 there isonly one `set-.of'ricoils in the fiel magnetsf and ltheseviield-magnetA coils are connected i inl multiple when the motorv is used asa motorfan are; connected in series when the motor -is used as a=dynamo, and the;

armature-coils yare alwa sccnnected in multiplewith thedieldswin ings. To effect this modification, thaswitch-brushesd and .el are -widenedso as.- when in a normal posi tionl .to-

armature-coils.

bridge the two switch-blocks` with which they move in contact, and an additional bridge-piece p is provided. When the controlling-lever 24 is actuated to startithe engine, the current flows from the battery 25, 7o through the wire 62 and wire 68, upper commutator brush 13, armature coils, lowerl commutator-brush 13, wires 66 58, switchblock g, and lever 24, back to battery, and also from the Wire 62 to the brush d, and 75 dividing at the brush d flows in two separate paths, as follows: through block h, wire 61, coil 60 of one ofthe poles of the field-magnet, wire 59, block k to the brush e, where the two se arate paths reunite, and from the `8c brush. through block fi, wire 65, coils 64 of the other pole ofthe field-magnet, wire 63, and block j, to brush e, and from the brush e, through Wire 5S, switch-block g, and lever 24, back toI battery. It will be seen that the 85 current now flows through the ield-coils in multiple, producing circuits of low-resistance and a consequent large ex enditure of hat# tery-power, whereby the fie d isof great intensity. When the controlling-switch is ac 9o tuated by the governor, the current will `flow` from the brush d throughf the blockl 'i only and will flowy from the block fi, through the wire 65, field-coils 64, and wire 63, to the block j, and lfrom this bloclc g', through thefb'ridge-A 95 piece p, to the block h, and from the block h, through the -Wire 6l, field-Ina net coils 60, and wire 59, to the blockV cV an brush e, and, as Will be seen the current will now flow through the field-magnet coils in series, pro-V ducing a field of less intensity. The motor is now a dynamo, and the current generated in the-t armature will flow through lower coins mutator-brush 13, Wires 66 58, plateg, lever 24,I to and throu h thebattery 25, recharging the'battery, an through wires 62 68 Vto -the-` upperzbrush 13 of the commutator and backtofthe armature.

Iny Fig; 3 the connections for the'sparking device are omittedand it is of course evident i that these would not be needed in an enginey Where an electric igniting device was not employed. The connection between the shaft of the motor and the governor is not-here-4 shown; but it is-obvious that any suitableconnection could be made. 'A handle 69 is .shown upon the controlling-switch', and,- if` desired', the governor could be omitted and the switch` manually operated. It is of course obvious that various modications could bemade in the constructionA and elec tric connections within1 the spirit and scope of 1n invention, and parts of my invention. coul he used separately or in connection with parts `of di'erentconstructions-from! those shown or indicated in the drawings.

l'Vhat I claim, and desire-toisecure'by Let ters-Patent, is

1. The-combination of an engine ,runningsgear of a-vehicle connectedtherewith, any

IOO

auxiliary self-startin motor and power device, such motor an the engine being connected together so that each is adapted to actuate the other, a speed-governor for the engine whereby a substantially constant speed -thereof is maintained, means for storing energy connected to such motor and power device, and means located within reach of the operator for operating the auxiliary motor and operating the engine, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of an engine, runningear of a vehicle connected therewith, an auxlliary self-starting motor and power device, such motor and the engine being connected so that each is adapted to actuate the other, means for storing energy adapted to energize the motor to actuate the same and to receive energy from the motor when the motor is actuated as a power device by the engine, means located within reach of the operator for operating the engine and for connecting..

the motor with the storing means so as t0 obtain a maximum power from the motor` and means for connecting the auxiliary motor as a power device with the storing means so as to obtain a storage of power at a minimum rate, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of an engine, runninggear of a vehicle connected therewith, an auxiliary self-startin motor and power device,such motor an the en e being connected so that each is adapte to aotuate the other, means for storing energy adapted to energize the motor to actuate the same and to receive energy from the motor when the motor is actuated as a power device by the engine, means located within reach of the operator for operating the engine and for connecting the motor with the means for storing energy so as to obtain a maximum power from the motor and automatic means for connecting the motor as a power device with the storing means so as to obtain a storage of power at a minimum rate, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of an engine and an electric motor connected together so that each is adapted to actuate the other, a speedgovernor for the engine whereby a substantially constant speed thereof is maintained, electrical storage means, and means for connecting the motor, as a motor, with the storage means to start the en 'ne, and for conneeting the motor, as a ynamo, with the storage means, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of a constant-speed engine and an electric-motor dynamo conneeted together so that each is adapted to actuate the other, electrical storage means, and means controlled by the speed of the motor for connecting the motor, as a motor, with the storage means to start the engine, and for connecting the motor, as a dynamo, with the storage means, when the normal speed of the engine has been attained, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of an cnvine and an electric motor connected togct 1er so that each is adapted to actuatc the other, a speedgovernor for the engine whereby a substantially constant speed thereof is maintained,

electrical storage means, and means controlled by the speed of the motor for connecting the motor, as a motor, with the storage meansvto start the engine, and for connectingr the motor, as a dynamo, with the storage means when the normal speed of the engine has been attained, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of an engine and an electric motor connected together so that each is adapted to actuate the other, electrical storage means, and means for connecting the motor with a field of great intensity, as a motor, with the storage means to start the engine, and for connecting the motor with a field of less intensity, as a dynamo, with the storage means, substantially as set forth.

8. The combination of an en ine and an electric motor connected toget er so that each is adapted to actuate the other, a speedgovernor for the engine, electrical storage means and means for connecting the motor with a field of great intensity, as a motor, to start the engine, and for connecting the motor with a field of less intensity, as a dynamo, with the storage means, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination of an engine and an electric motor connected. together so that each is adapted to actuate the other, electrical storage means, and 'means controlled by the spee of the motor for connecting the motor with a field of great intensity, as a motor, with the storage means to start the en ine, and for connecting the motor with a fie d of less intensity, as a dynamo, with the storage means, substantially as set forth.

10. The combination of an engine and an electric motor connected together so that each is adapted to actuate the other, a speedgovernor for the engine, electrical storage means, and means controlled by the speed of the motor for connecting the motor with a field of great intensity, as a motor, with the storage means to start the engine, and for connecting the motor with a field of less intensity, as a dynamo, with the storage means, substantially as set forth.

11. The combination of an engine and an electric motor connected together so that each is adapted to actuate the other, electrical storage means, a lever for admitting and cutting off the supply of motive medium to thc engine, and means actuated by such lever for connecting the motor, as a motor, with the storage means to start the engine, and means operated independently of such lever for disconnecting the motor as a motor IIO IZO

motor, as a dynamo,

with thc storage means, forth.

l2. electric motor connected The combination of an engine and an thereto so that each governor for the engine, electrical storage means, a lever for admitting and cutting .off the supply of motive medium to the engine and means actuated by such lever for connecting the motor, as a motor, with the storage means to start the engine, and means operated independently of such lever for connecting the motor, as a dynamo, with the storage means, substantial] r as set forth.

13. The combination of' an engine and an electric motor connected thereto so that each is adapted to actuate the other, electrical storage means, a lever for admitting and cutting off the supply of motive medium to the engine, and means actuated by such lever or connecting the motor, as a motor, with the storage means t0 start the engine, and controlled by the s eed of the motor indepeiidently of such ever for connecting the motor, as a dynamo, with the storage means, substantially as set forth.

The combination means actuated by the motor, as means to start the engine, and controlled b r dynamo, with the storage means, substantially as set forth.

15. The combination electric motor connected together so that each. is adapted to actuate the other, storage means, a lever for admitting and cutting off the supply of motive medium to the engine, and means actuated by such. lever for connecting the motor with a field of' great intensity, e storage means to start the engine and operated independ- Y for connecting the motor as a dynamo, as set with a field of less intensity, t with a storage means, substantially forth.

each is adapted to actuate the other, a speedgovernor for the engine, electrical storage means,-,a lever for admitting and cutting off the supply of motive medium to the engine, and means actuated b f such lever for cona field of great ineach is adapted to actuate field of less intensity, as a dynamo, with the storage means, substantially as set forth.

17..'l`he combination of an engine and an electric motor connected together so that the other, a lever for admitting and cutting off the supply of motive medium to the engine and means actuated by such lever for connecting the motor with a field of great intensity, as a niotor, with the storage means to start the engine, and controlled by the speed of the niotor independently of such lever, for connecting the motor Yith a field of less intensity, as a dynamo, with the storage means, substantially as set forth. Y

l.er, a speede engine, electrical storage means, a lever for admitting and cutting off the supply of motive fluid to the engine, and means actuated by such lever for connecting the motor with a field of great intensity, as a motor, with the storage means to start the Sify, substantially 19. The combination of an engine and an electric motor each is adapted controlled by the motor, electrical storage means, and connections from the storage means to the motor including a controlling-switch actuated by the speedcontrolled means, substantially as set forth.

20. The combination of an engine and an electric motor connected together so that each is adapted to actuate the other, a speedgovernor for the engine, means controlled by the speed of the motor, electrical storage means, and connections from the storage means to the motor including a controllingswitcli actuated by the speed-controlled means, substantially as set forth.

21. The combination of an engine and an electric each is adapted 1 ,runninggearA of a velvicle connected with the engine, means controlled by the speed of the motor, electrical storage Within reach of the operator and controlling botl tions from the controlled by suoli lever and including a controlling-switch actuated by the speed-controlled means independently of such lever, substantially as set forth.

22. The combination of an engine and an electric motor connected together so that each is adapted to actuate the other, a speedgovernor for the engine, running-gear of a vehicle connected with the engine, means IOO IIO

controlled by the speed of the motor, electrical storage means, lever located Within reach of the operator and controlling both the engine and the motor7 and connections from the Storage means to the motor controlled by euch lever and including a controll ling-switch actuated by the speed-controlled means independently of such lever, substantially as set forth.

23, The combination of an engine and an electric motor connected together so that l each is adapted to actuate the other, tle motor being provided with 'field-coils connected in multiple with tl c armature-coils and with additional ield-coils connected in series with the armature-coils, electrical storage means l connected tliereto, and means for reversing the connections of tl e series held-coils to conneet the motor as a dynamo with. the storage l means, substantially as set forth.

24. The combination oi'l an engine and an electric motor connected togetler so that each is adapted to actuate the oth er, the motor being provided with field-coils connected in multiple with the armature-coils and with 1 additional held-coils connected in series with l the armature-coils, electrical storage means connected thereto, and means controlled by the speed of the motor for reversing the conl,

l means,

nectione of the series field-coils to connect the motor as a dynamo with the storage substantially as set forth.

25. The combination of' an engine, electric means for starting the engine by the application of power thereto and for utilizing the power ot' the engine when tlLe engine is selfactnated to store energy, a lever for admitting and cutting off the supply of motive medium to the engine, such lever controlling the electric means for applying power to the engine, and means controlled by tle speed of the engine and controlling the electric-poweretoring means, substantially as set forth.

26. The combination of an engine, a power-storing device, and means for connecting the power-storing device with the engine to start the engine and for automatically connecting the engine with the power-storing del vice, under the control of the Speed of the enupon and not until the attainment oi a speed of the engine sufficient for the powerstoring operation.

Signed at New York, N. Y., this 8th day of February, 1901.

ULYDE J. COLEMAN.

lNitnesses:

HENRY D. WILLiAMs, HERBERT H. GIBBS. 

